The Organizational Structure And Leadership Styles

When working for an organization, there are many variables that will determine how successful the company is. There are also many variables that can play in the downfall of an organization. The organizational structure and leadership styles are vital to the success of any company. The background of a leaders values and culture, as well as the culture within an organization, will determine the success of the company itself. It will also determine the type of interaction and quality of work produced by the employees. Management plays a vital role in determining if the organization will be successful and prosper. Managers are not only decision makers, but also exercise considerable influence through formal and informal communication, role modeling, and other powerful means (Nahavandi, Denhardt, Denhardt Arittiguteta, 2015). There are different leadership styles to consider when placing a person in a position of leadership. Toxic leadership is a management issue that affects th e organizational culture and employees job satisfaction. This type of toxic leadership exists everywhere, in both the military and civilian sectors of the world. The cultural mindset of these types of leaders has a lot to do with not being able to attain their self-awareness. This essay will explain the characteristics of a toxic leader, how toxic leadership is detrimental to the organization, and ways to overcome a toxic leader. Characteristics of Toxic Leadership Having a position ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Leadership Styles And Organizational Structures On Innovation965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of Leadership Styles and Organizational Structures on Innovation Introduction Currently, organizations are immersed in a dynamic and competitive environment. Changes in technology and markets, products and services, and changes in consumer preferences are an integral part of such environment. 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Ch01 Organizations and Organization Theory Free Essays

Chapter 1: Organizations and Organization Theory Current Challenges of Organizations †¢ Globalization o Markets, technologies, and organizations are becoming increasingly interconnected †¢ Ethics and social responsibility o The list of execs and major corporations involved in financial and ethical scandals continues to grow †¢ Speed of responsiveness o Globalization and advancing technology has accelerated the pace at which organizations in all industries must roll out new products and services to stay competitive †¢ The digital workplace In today’s workplace, many employees perform much of their work on computers and may work in virtual teams, connected electronically to colleagues around the world †¢ Diversity o By 2050, it is estimated that 85% of entrants into the workforce will be women and people of colour What Is an Organization? Organizations: social entities that are goal-directed, are designed as deliberately structured and coordinated activi ty system, and are linked to the external environment Types of Organizations †¢ Multinational corporations †¢ Small, family-owned shops †¢ For-profit versus non-profit organizations Organizations exist to do the following: 1. Bring together resources to achieve desired goals and outcomes 2. Produce goods and services efficiently 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Ch01 Organizations and Organization Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Facilitate innovation 4. Use modern manufacturing and information technologies 5. Adapt to influence a changing environment 6. Create value for owners, customers, and employees 7. Accommodate ongoing challenges of diversity, ethics, and the motivation and coordination of employees Perspectives on Organizations Closed System †¢ A system that is autonomous, enclosed, and not dependent on its environment †¢ Don’t truly exist today Early management concepts such as scientific management, leadership style, and industrial engineering were closed-system approaches Open System †¢ A system that must interact with the environment to survive †¢ It both consumes resources and exports resources to the environment, and must continually adapt to the environment An Open System and its Subsystems [pic] Organization Configuration †¢ Technical core o Includes people who do the basic work of the organization o The primary transformation of inputs to outputs occurs here o Includes production department, teachers and classes, medical activities in hospitals, etc. Technical Support o Helps the organization adapt to the environment o Technical support employees such as engineers and researchers scan the environment for problems, opportunities, and technological developments o Responsible for creating innovations in the technical core †¢ Administrative Support o Responsible for the smooth operation and upkeep of the organization, including its physical and human elements o Includes HR activities like recruiting and hiring, making compensation/benefit plans, employee training, etc. †¢ Management A distinct subsystem responsible for directing and coordinating other parts of the organization o Top management provides direction, strategy, goals, and policies for the entire organization or major divisions o Middle management is responsible for implementation and coordination at the departmental level [pic] Dimensions of Organization Design Structur al Dimensions 1. Formalization ? Pertains to the amount of written documentation in the organization, including procedures, job descriptions, regulations, and policy manuals, describing behaviour and activities ? A large state university would be high on formulization and a small, family-owned business would be low on formulization 2. Specialization ? The degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into separate jobs 3. Hierarchy of authority ? Describes who reports to whom and the span of control for each manager ? The hierarchy is related to span of control (the number of employees reporting to a supervisor), and when the span is narrow, the hierarchy is tall, and vice versa 4. Centralization ? Refers to the hierarchical level that has authority to make a decision ? When decision making is kept at the top level, the organization is centralized ? When decisions are delegated to lower organizational levels, it is decentralized 5. Professionalism ? The level of formal education and training of employees ? It’s considered high when employees require long periods of training ? Professionalism is measured as the average number of years of education of employees 6. Personnel ratios ? Refer to the development of people to various functions and departments ? Includes the administrative ratio, the clerical ratio, the professional staff ratio, and the ratio of indirect to direct labour employees ? A personnel ratio is measured by dividing the number of employees in a classification by the total number of organizational employees [pic] Contextual Dimensions 1. Size ? The organization’s magnitute as reflected in the number of people in the organization ? Because organization’s are social systems, it’s typically measured by # of employees 2. Organizational technology ? Refers to the tools, techniques, and actions used to transform inputs into outputs ? It concerns how the organization actually produces the products and services and includes things such as flexible manufacturing, advanced info systems, and the Internet 3. Environment ? Includes all elements outside the boundary of the organization ? Key elements include the industry, government, customers, suppliers, and the financial community 4. Goals and Strategies ? Define the purpose and competitive techniques that set it apart from other organizations ? Goals are written down as an enduring statement of company intent ? A strategy is the plan of action that describes resource allocation and activities for dealing with the environment and for reaching the organization’s goals 5. Culture ? The underlying set of key values, beliefs, understandings, and norms shared by employees ? These values may pertain to ethical behaviour, commitment to employees, efficiency, or customer service Performance and Effectiveness Outcomes †¢ Managers adjust structural and contextual dimensions and organizational subsystems to most efficiently and effectively transform inputs into outputs nd provide value †¢ Efficiency refers to the amount of resources used to achieve the organization’s goals, and it is based on the quantity of inputs necessary to produce a given level of output †¢ Effectiveness is the degree to which an organization achieves its goals †¢ Stakeholder is any group within or outside an organization that has a stake in the organization’s performance †¢ Stakeholde r approach assesses the satisfaction of stakeholders as an indicator of the organization’s performance (also called constituency approach) †¢ Major stakeholders and what they expect: Owners/stockholders: financial return o Employees: satisfaction, pay, supervision o Customers: high-quality goods/services, service, value o Creditors: creditworthiness, fiscal responsibility o Management: efficiency, effectiveness o Government: obedience to laws and regulations, fair competition o Union: worker pay, benefits Community: good corporate citizen, contribution to community affairs o Suppliers: satisfactory transactions, revenue from purchases The Evolution of Organization Theory and Design Historical Perspectives †¢ Efficiency is everything o Frederick Winslow Taylor developed scientific management, which claims decisions about organization and job design should be based on precise, scientific procedures †¢ How to get organized Administrative principles focuses on the total organization (looks at the organization as a whole) o For example, Henri Fayol proposed 14 principles of management, such as â€Å"each subordinate receives orders from only one superior† and â€Å"similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager† o These gave organizations fundamental new ideas for estabilishing high productivity and increasing prosperity o Administrative principles contributed to the development of bureaucratic organizations, which emphasized designing and managing organizations on an impersonal, rational basis through such elements as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal recordkeeping, and uniform application of stand rules †¢ People o Hawthorn Studies are a series of experiments on worker productivity that began in 1924 o It attributed employees’ increased output to managers’ better treatment of them during the study †¢ Environment Many problems occur when all organizat ions are treated similar, which is the case with scientific management o Structures and systems that work in the retail division will not be appropriate for the manufacturing division o Consistency means that one thing depends on other things, and for organizations to be effective, there must be a â€Å"goodness of fit† between their structure and the conditions in their external environment o Some organizations experience a certain environment, use a routine technology, and desire efficiency, and in this case, bureaucratic controls would be appropriate o But today, almost all organizations operate in a highly uncertain environment Contemporary Organizational Design Today’s organizations and managers are shifting from a mindset based on mechanical systems to one based on natural and biological systems †¢ Chaos theory suggests that relationships in complex, adaptive systems – including organizations – are made up of numerous interconnections that crea te unintended effects and render the environment unpredictable †¢ Many organizations are shifting from strict vertical hierarchies to flexible, decentralized structures that emphasize horizontal collaboration, widespread info sharing, and adaptability †¢ Learning organization is an organization in which everyone is engaged in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organization to continuously experiment, improve, and increase its capability Efficient Performance versus the Learning Organization †¢ From vertical to horizontal structure †¢ From routine tasks to empowered tasks †¢ From formal control systems to shared information †¢ From competitive to collaborative strategy †¢ From rigid to adaptive culture ———————– Transformation Process Environment Raw Materials People Information resources Financial resources Input Subsystems Boundary Spanning Production, Maintenance, Adaptation, Mana gement Boundary Spanning Products and Services Output Top Management How to cite Ch01 Organizations and Organization Theory, Essay examples

Case for the Resurrection of Jesus Book Review free essay sample

Case for the Resurrection of Jesus By Gary R. Habermas, Michael R. Licona Zerrrouk (pen name) The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus, was written by Gary R. Habermas, and co-authored by Michael R. Licona. Haberma is a distinguished professor, and the chairman of Philosophy and Theology at Liberty University, in Virginia. Habermas, using a minimal amount of facts, gives a provoking argument for the historicity of the Jesus Christ’s resurrection. This book was not meant as a 100% sure way of proving the historicity of Jesus’ resurrection, as Haberma even admits, there is no way to prove for sure that it actually happened, but based on the information that he has compiled, he believes that it is completely and entirely probable. Habermas starts out this book by bring to light five historical facts that will accomplish his goal to provide provoking proof for the historicity of Jesus’ resurrection. First, he states the fact that Jesus died on the cross by crucifixion; secondly, that the disciples believed that Jesus had risen from the dead and had appeared before them as a bodily figure; thirdly, that Paul, as a former persecutor of Christians, was converted when he bet Jesus Christ; fourthly, that James was also converted in the same way that Paul was; and lastly, that the tomb was empty (although there were some theologians who have challenged this last point as an historical fact, therefore, not considered to be necessarily widely accepted as the other four points). We will write a custom essay sample on Case for the Resurrection of Jesus Book Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With these five facts, Habermas includes a wealth of scholarly research to back up his main thesis and argument. In my general opinion, I found the second-last chapter of this book to be the most interesting. In a neutral and non-argumentative fashion, Habermas has focused this chapter on giving insight, for teaching Christians how to engage non-believers on the topic of Jesus’ resurrection. He includes how, as Christians, we must be Christ-like in our approach towards non-believers; by talking through love, humility, truth, and passion; and that we must avoid being argumentative in our approach, or else we lose the audience that we are trying to minister to by creating conflict. I found this book to be very useful for many different things. This has an excellent source to use in Christian apologetics and evangelism, by using Habermas’ non-conflict approach. He has articulated a very clear and resourceful account of Jesus’ resurrection, without pushing too much facts upon the reader so that he would not lose their attention, or automatically have them conclude that Jesus was never resurrected; therefore, he avoided very eschatological sourcing and arguments. He stuck to this focus from the beginning of the book, and he carried on with it throughout the entirety. Lastly, this book is an excellent source for people who do not acknowledge the Bible as an authoritative piece of writing.

The Characteristics of the Henrician Reformation Essay Example

The Characteristics of the Henrician Reformation Paper The Characteristics of the Henrician Reformation In 1534, when Henry VIII decided to separate England from Rome, he did so for both political and personal reasons. We can identify Henry’s political reasoning because he wanted to consolidate his power as King. His personal reasoning is simply that he wanted to secure an heir to the throne. I am focusing on the political reasoning for this paper. At that time, Henry was deciding to separate England from Rome, public opinion viewed the Church’s representation as worldly, corrupt and immoral. The Pope’s power was used for personal advantage and benefit not for the spiritual development of the people or country but for the benefit of the higher clergy. Lower clergy was leading a life of misery and poverty, while the higher clergymen lived a life of wealth and pleasure. With all of these discontentment and resentment, it was an optimum time for Henry to make his change. Using the people’s resentment and cry for change, Henry VIII boldly took major steps to put an end to growing power of the church and consolidate his power. He took necessary steps to limit the power of the clergy in the English church by destroying monasteries and enacting laws that were to be followed by the church authorities. The substance of these laws mandated that a priest could be associated with a single church only and that the Pope was to be elected by the clergy who were nominated by the King. In the end, the English church was separated from the Roman church and the communities of Christians were split into two camps: the Roman Catholics and the Protestants. The Henrician Reformation is characterized by the monarchy and the Church of England being fundamentally reshaped. I believe that this reshaping was distinguished by two categories: (1) Act of Supremacy; and (2) The dissolution of the monasteries. I. Act of Supremacy Henry VIIIs plan for Reformation was made clear through the Act of Supremacy. Henry saw himself as a godly reformer, a king who answered directly to God. This notion became deeply rooted in Henry’s kingship, where it became a part of his identity and reinforced by the imagery surrounding him. We will write a custom essay sample on The Characteristics of the Henrician Reformation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Characteristics of the Henrician Reformation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Characteristics of the Henrician Reformation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He sees himself as the king who had banished corruption from the Church and restored the truth of the Bible. [1] Henry set about reforming the Church that had come under his jurisdiction. The Act of Supremacy is one of the crucial key in Henrician Reformation as well as his plans for monastic dissolution. After all, he was the King of England and as King, he was the head of the church. As the head of the Church, he has all authority to make all decisions regarding the Church and religious matters. 2] In Henry’s view, how could someone governs a part of your realm that is not higher than you or God? In 1530, Henry instructed his representative in Rome to advise the pope that the royal person was not only prince and king, but set on such a pinnacle of dignity that we know no superior on earth. †[3] â€Å"For Henry, the Royal Supremacy was as much about the King as it was about God and questions of doctrine and church tradition were inseparable from an understanding of his divinely-ordained kingship. [4] Henry intertwined his views of Royal Supremacy with his religious belief by attending Mass on a daily basis, celebrating holy days and participating in other parts of his religion. If Henry was to be the head of the church as king, he had to be a godly king because his success was dependent on his divineness as the head of the English church. So to maintain his divineness, Henry had to dissolve the monasteries. This was crucial since the religious houses were loyal to the papal authority and this loyalty had to be crushed in order to drown out all foreign influence. Further, dissolving the monasteries was an act that clearly exercised the kind of authority Henry VIII bestowed upon himself through the Act of Supremacy. The type of control Henry desired was made to manifest through the dissolution of the monasteries, and any attempt to defy him was crushed mercilessly. Since Henry’s basis for his Supremacy was based upon the Bible, it was necessary that every parish church have an English Bible. In 1537, the English Bible was published under sanction of the government and allowed to be freely distributed. Although, Henry VIII had no real interest in the English people studying the Bible, it was another way for Henry to promote English nationalism and ensure that English church would no longer be relying on the Roman Latin Bible. II. The Dissolution of the Monasteries One of the key features in the Henrician Reformation was the attack on the monasteries known as the â€Å"the dissolution of the monasteries†. To Henry, the monasteries were seen as another evidence of Papal authority in England and Henry VIII was not going to tolerate it. Henry knew that monasteries were likely to bear allegiance to Rome, so he abolished them. Another factor that played in the abolishment of the monasteries was greed. [5] Since Henry VIII naturally assumed that these monasteries would remain loyal to the Pope, he cleverly used several key pieces of enactments that were introduced to end any evidence of the Pope’s authority. Legislations such as Act of First Fruits and Tenths of 1534, Valor Ecclesiaticus of 1535 and Dr. Thomas Layton and Mr. Richard Leigh, the crown’s investigative dynamic duo, whose letters concerning the monastic houses, known as the Compendium Compertorum, gave Henry his sovereignty ability to act. Starting very small, Henry VIII took steps against the power of the Church in 1538. To avoid too much outcry, Henry started on the less powerful houses and confiscated their property making their buildings unsuitable to use. He then he focused on the monasteries that were rich. Some were sold to wealthy gentry as country estates and others became building materials for local inhabitants. The key point to this was that not only did it serve Henry VIII’s self-interest but a lot of the wealth involved found its way back to the royal treasury. How did it affect the clergy? Not much because most of the clerics themselves believed it was time for a change. The only realy difference is that they thought that the wealth ascertained by the closing of these monasteries should have gone to charity or educational program. Greed always played a factor when dealing with politics or religion. Henry wanted money, Parliament wanted the money, gentry saw a way to increase their holdings and the merchant middle class saw a chance to become landed gentry themselves. So who profited the most with all of the dissolution of the monasteries? The new class of gentry who bought the lands benefitted the most. [6] The control and dismantling of the monasteries was so severe that there was no other economic base to compete with the new class of gentry. The real sadness is that numerous priceless manuscripts were destroyed in the process. CONCLUSION Within the Henrician Reformation, there were many events that contributed its formulation but the Act of Supremacy and dissolution of Monasteries were the key events that allowed Henry VIII to consolidate his power and establish himself as the head of the English Church. As we look back and evaluate his attitudes and policies as he pursued his self-interest by dismantling the control of the Roman Catholic’s influence on the English church, while not abandoning his religious beliefs, it clearly show that Henry was looking for a middle ground between Protestant and Catholic. What he really wanted was a church with a medieval model as respects constitution and doctrine, but an English sovereign for its supreme head in place of the Pope. Basically, what he wanted was a Catholic church without the pope. Still, as Henry VIII acquired more power by eliminating monasticism, he took over a lot of ecclesiastical property. He gave properties to the lesser nobility to appease them and win their support. Without such complete sovereignty, dissolving the religious houses would not have been possible. No matter what his political motives were, it is very clear, that Henry changed the established religion in England. WORK CITED Ban, Joseph D. â€Å"English Reformation: Product of King or Minister? † Church History, Vol. 41, No. 2 (Jun. , 1972), pp. 186-197. Ryrie, Alec. The Age of Reformation: The Tudor and Stewart Realms 1485-1603. Harlow: Pearson, 2009. Wooding, Lucy. â€Å"Henry VIII and Religion†. History Review, Dec 2008, Issue 62, p42-47. [1] Wooding, Lucy. Henry VIII and Religion. History Review, Dec 2008, Issue 62, p 45. [2] Alec Ryrie, The Age of Reformation: The Tudor and Stewart Realms 1485-1603. Harlow: Pearson, 2009, p. 128. [3] Ban, Joseph D. , English Reformation: Product of King or Minister? Church History, Vol. 41, No. 2 (Jun. , 1972), pp. 186-197 [4] Wooding, at 47. [5] Ryrie, pp. 134-135. [6] Ryrie, p. 131.

Organ Transplant essays

Organ Transplant essays Nowadays medicine already good enough. When peoples got a disease, they can recovered by taking a pill and giving them an injection, even they have cancer, they can removed it by operation. It seem nowadays medicine is very good. Organ transplant is the one discovery in the medicine. Organ transplantation basically is the patient of removing a useable organ from a person who had just died, usually in an accident and give it to a severely will person who needs it to replace a damage organ. Nowadays many people waiting for organ transplant. The number of patients on waiting lists more than doubled during that period to 56,066 in 1999. In that year, 3,072 patients died waiting for organ. because of this happened, we have to focus on the organ transplants. Most of the patient ¡s organ got very bad disease, and the medicine can not control their bad organs, for example, cancer, heart disease and kidney disease ¡K. Etc. the only way to recover is get another organ to do the transplantation as soon as possible, otherwise their life will be in danger, or probably their disease will be turn worse till the organ can not recover again. Another factor that causes patient waiting for organ transplant is not enough people die in order to get the organ. When doctor take away the organs from the died body, they have to make sure the organ is 100% healthy, otherwise they don ¡t use it in the transplantation. But this is very hard to find a organ is 100% healthy, because the org ans might be damaged after the accident or the died people already have a bad organ. Because of these factors, many people die for waiting organ transplants, we can know that organ transplants is very important for the patient. ¡ Hundreds die each year waiting for transplants ¡ According from Gary Rennie. In order to solve the organ not enough supply problems, doctor thinks another way instead of the organ transplants. They created artificial heart in ...

Do You Need a High School Diploma

Do You Need a High School Diploma SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you didn't graduate from high school, going back and finishing it so you can finally get your high school diploma is a practical step. But if you’re an adult well past your teenage years, the prospect of going back to high school can be pretty intimidating.Fortunately, there are alternative ways adults can earn a high school diploma. Read on to learn more about what the general steps are for getting a high school diploma, how important having the physical diploma is, whether you can attend college without a high school diploma, and what your options are for legitimate adult high school diploma programs. Do You Need to Graduate to Get a High School Diploma? In general, to earn a high school diploma in the US, you need to have completed 12th grade and graduated high school. More specifically, you need to have met all of your state’s graduation requirements and taken all required courses. This is the most common path for getting a high school diploma. But what if you left high school before you had the chance to graduate? In this case, you can get a high school diploma by taking the classes you need to fulfill your state’s high school graduation and credit requirements. For example, if you were one English course short of graduating, you could enroll in an adult high school diploma program, through which you'd take the English class you need to get the diploma. If you need a lot of credits to finish high school (for instance, maybe you missed a whole grade of high school), another option is to take a high school equivalency test, such as the GED, HiSET, or TASC tests. By passing one of these tests, you’ll receive a diploma or certificate that's similar to a high school diploma and indicates that you’ve achieved US high school educational standards. This is called a high school equivalency diploma. In most cases, a high school equivalency diploma is equivalent to a high school diploma; however, some universities and employers prefer a traditional high school diploma over one of these equivalents and, as a result, might look down on it. Ifyou're younger than your state's age for enrolling in high school, I strongly recommend going back to high school to earn your regular high school diploma instead of opting for one of these equivalents. This age limit varies by state but is usually around 21 years. Unfortunately, your elementary school diploma won't help you on the job hunt. How Important Is Having a Physical High School Diploma? It’s critical tokeep your original high school diploma in a safe place.This is because potential employers and colleges might ask to see a copy of your diploma as proof that you completed high school and have the fundamental knowledge and skills needed for a particular job or educational program. Online schools are especially likely to request or require a copy of your high school diploma for enrollment purposes. Though it’s possible you’ll never have to show anyone your high school diploma (other than your proud parents), you should always have a copy of it on hand, just in case. If you lost your high school diploma or don’t remember getting a physical diploma, you can easily request a copy of yours by contacting your old high school(or, if your high school is no longer in operation, your former education department or school district). Refer toour step-by-step guide to learn more about securing a copy of your high school diploma. Can You Attend College Without a High School Diploma? The short answer is no, not usually. If you want to attend a four-year college or university with the goal of getting a bachelor’s degree, you will not be able to unless you have a high school diploma or high school equivalency diploma, such as the GED. (Note that not all colleges accept a GED in lieu of a traditional diploma.) That said, most community colleges allow students to enroll without a high school diploma. You usually just need to be at least 18 years old to enroll- that’s it! If you think you’ll eventually want to transfer to a four-year college/university from a community college, know that you’ll likely need to take the GED or an equivalent test before you can do so. How to Get a High School Diploma as an Adult: 2 Methods If you’re older than your state’s maximum age limit for enrolling in high school or would prefer an alternative way of earning a high school diploma, you have the option of doing an in-person adult high school diploma program orattendingan online high school. Method 1: In-Person Adult High School Diploma Program One way to get your high school diploma is to enroll in an adult high school diploma program. These in-person classes are specifically geared toward adults looking to return to high school and get their diplomas(instead of, say, a GED). With these programs, you'll take only the courses you need to graduate. For instance, if you’re short a math and an English class, you’d take these two classes in your adult high school diploma program, allowing you to fulfill your state's graduation requirements and thus earn a high school diploma. Most adult high school diploma programs are free or pretty cheap,and are offered on weekdays and weeknights. The best way to find a legitimate adult high school diploma program near you is to contact a public university or community college in your area. These institutions should be able to tell you whom to contact about adult education programs. You can also see what information your state's official website provides regarding adult education programs. Just search on Google for "[Your State] adult education site:.gov."For example, the Michigan state website offers a bunch of helpful information on free and low-cost adult education programs in counties all around Michigan. Always beware of online scams that claim to give out high school diplomas. These "diploma mills," as they’re called, will often charge you a high fee to take unaccredited courses, earning you afake credential that’s not recognized anywhere! If you’re not sure whether a program is legitimate, check with your state department of education. Method 2: Online High School The second way adults can earn a high school diploma is to enroll in an online high school. This option is considered more convenient than Method 1 asyou can attend class and study from the comfort of your own home, allowing you to get your high school diploma online. Many online private high schools require a fee to attend, which can be really high sometimes, especially if the program is offered through a prestigious college or university. In addition, some online high schools have an age limit, so check that you’re eligible to attend before you decide on a school. Make sure that the school you’re considering is legitimate. Many online high schools aren’t accredited (even if they claim to be) and can’t award you an authentic high school diploma. If you’re unsure whether an online high school is legitimate, contact your state's department of education. You can also get in touch with a local community college or public college/university, which will helpyou find online high schools thatare accredited and accept adult learners. Here are some well-known schools that allow you to get your high school diploma online: Stanford Online High School (no adult learners) BYU Independent Study High School(offers program for adult learners) UT Austin High School (no age restrictions) Texas Success Academy (offers program for adult learners) University of Nebraska High School (no age restrictions) Recap: Do You Need a High School Diploma? Most people earn their high school diplomas by completing 12th grade and meeting their state's high school graduation requirements. Even if you left school before you got a diploma, there are ways you can get one as an adult. Your two main options are to enroll in an in-person adult high school diploma program or attend an accredited online high school. Many prefer the latter because it’s more convenient and allows you to get your high school diploma online without having to go anywhere. As with anything you pay for, besure to vet any adult high school diploma programs (both in-person and online) you're considering attending. You don’t want to lose money to a scam that awards you with a fake credential! Reach out toyour state’s department of education to get more information about legitimate (online) schools and programs for adult learners. If you'd rather notgo back and get your high school diploma, you can insteadtake a high school equivalency test, such as the GED. While you don’t need a high school diploma to apply for jobs or enroll at a community college, having one will allow you to go to a four-year college or university. A high school diploma also means you’ll be making more money on average than if you didn’t have one! Don't feel as though there are no options available to you- you'llnever be too old to go back and get that high school diploma! What’s Next? Considering attending an online high school? Learn about how to avoid unaccredited schools and how an online education differs from a traditional one. We also maintaina list of 100+ free online high schools! For a full review of a top-notch online high school, check out our in-depth guide to Stanford Online High School. Not interested in getting a traditional high school diploma? Then considergetting a high school equivalency diploma.Our guide goes over what this diploma is and how to get one.

Discuss the female action heroine in 2-3 Hong Kong films. To what Essay

Discuss the female action heroine in 2-3 Hong Kong films. To what extent does she transgress conventional gender roles and to w - Essay Example Besides, the unique socio-cultural and political setting of Honk Kong deeply influences the foretold difference in gender roles. Thesis statement: The female action heroine in Hong Kong films transgresses conventional gender roles and does not simply conform to male fantasies (Special references to the star Brigitte Lin in the Hong Kong films: Swordsman II, Ashes of Time, Bride with White Hair). Prominence of women actors in Hong Kong action cinema The prominence of women actors in Hong Kong action cinema challenges the conventional mode of masculine power vested upon male actors. Kar, Bren and Ho (2004, p.109) state that ‘Historians of early Chinese cinema often regard Hong Kong as a cultural â€Å"branch† of the more sophisticated Shanghai’. An alternative version of masculinity can be seen among women actors in Hong Kong action cinema. Pang and Wong (2005, p. 137) state that ‘The ideological implications of masculinity can be radically re-examined by not simply looking at men exclusively but also mapping and recognizing the culture of a certain female type’. Within this perspective, masculinity is not fully vested upon male. Instead, masculinity is expressed through the search for one’s identity, especially by the female heroine. 1. Transvestite/Cross-dressing in Chinese (Hong Kong) films Transvestite/Cross-dressing in Chinese (Hong Kong) films creates sexual ambiguity and transforms gender identity from hero to heroine and vice versa. One can easily identify that cross-dressing in Chinese Operas deeply influenced the same process in films, especially the Hong Kong films. Vojkovic (2009, p. 43) states that ‘Here, we also have to consider the fact that Kung fu comedy as a genre makes much less of an appeal to authenticity, reminding us also that Kung fu comedy draws its origins from Beijing Opera’. Besides, cross-dressing indirectly challenges male primacy and patriarchy in the Chinese society. Generally, c ross-dressing helps the female heroine to hide her biological gender but the same will be exposed in front of the audience in the final unmasking scene. Garber (1997, p.45) makes clear that ‘Women who cross-dress must fall into two categories: the occasional, recreational cross-dresser who does not wish or try to pass and the transsexual’. Within the context of Chinese (Hong Kong) films, cross-dressing (assuming gender codes) lead to transvestism (transformation to opposite sex). In short, the Chinese (Hong Kong) films make use of cross-dressing as an innovative tool to challenge the hierarchy of power. 2. Transsexual/ Swordswomen in Chinese (Hong Kong) films The transsexual/ swordswomen in Chinese (Hong Kong) films are capable to demonstrate skill similar to their counterparts. But these transsexual/ swordswomen are not portrayed as independent warriors because they are attached to their male counterparts. Hunt (2003, pp.117-118) states that ‘But as Asian audienc es and critics were well aware, women warriors are nothing new in Chinese storytelling and have a much longer history than their western counterparts’. The unique socio-cultural and political setting within China, especially in Hong Kong unveils the feminine side of transsexual/ swordswomen. For instance, womenfolk in Chinese society uphold traditional

International Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

International Marketing - Assignment Example A number of scholars states that this system can be traced back to 6000 years back (Kapil, 2011). International marketing generally involves recognizing the fact that people across the globe have different needs and requirements. In simple terms, it is defined as marketing across the national borders (Campbell, 2009). In this paper, such difficulties will be uncovered and along with that solutions to those problems will be also highlighted. Apart from that, the significance of important tools such as multinational marketing information system (MMIS), IMC etc. will be also highlighted. The firm chosen for this purpose from the UK market in Vodafone and the BEM (Big Emerging Market) selected for the company to enter is Brazil. Investigation on Vodafone’s international presence have shown that the company is yet to make its presence in the Brazilian market and Brazil being one of the largest country with emerging economy is a justified choice. Question 1 Trade is becoming increas ingly global and is increasing in size at a robust rate. A number of reasons for this are responsible. One of the most evident one is the progress of technology. The improvement of transportation and communication system has provided companies with heap of opportunities and that made business and trade more practical (Nelson, 1999). The rapid expansion of business houses across the national borders has also tendered opportunities for the customers to avail the best products of different countries. The level of competition has also increased due to globalization as firms compete to produce the best product and offer the highest quality services (Onkvisit and Shaw, 2004). However, an organization operating in the overseas market has to face certain difficulties in getting accustomed with the situation of the target country. The issues arise in the form of cultural differences, language differences and differences in the market characteristics. Although, the problems mentioned above ap pears after the beginning of operation, but prior to that a number of issues also take place during the phase of market research. An international company might also face difficulties when attempting to research the market for a product or service (Holmquist, 2012). Vodafone is a telecommunication company and therefore the telecommunication sector of Brazil needs to be evaluated. Large companies across the globe have identified that international markets offer huge potentiality for the success of a business. In terms of the market size, countries such as India, Brazil, Russia and China are huge. Furthermore, the purchasing power of the consumers belonging to these countries is significant. Despite that, a company has to deal with a number of difficulties and complexities when attempting to research the market for a product or service in the chosen country. Nowadays, companies and other establishments use marketing research techniques so as to manage and minimize the risks associated with the market (Linder, 2006). Several studies have shown that companies do not spend much amount in developing products that market research indicates will be unsuccessful in the market. However, it is also true that marketing research at times did not shows proper results. The marketing research process is costly and at times produces results that are questionable. Now for Vodafone to enter the Brazilian market with its telecommunication products, it needs

Prince of Wales Essay Example for Free

Prince of Wales Essay With close reference to Shakespeares language discuss how the characters of the Prince of Wales and Hotspur are portrayed in Henry IV Part 1. In Henry IV, Part 1; Shakespeare contrasts the two characters, Prince Henry and Hotspur. The characters are complete opposites but have a common goal. They both want to be respected. Hotspur signals his intentions from the start but it is only as you get further on in the play that you realise that Hal has the same ambitions. This play chronicles the rise and fall of Hotspur and Hals rise from being the innocuous prince to a heroic heir in one play. In Act One, Scene One, the king says: Yea, there thou makst me sin in envy, that my Northumberland should be a father to so blest a son. Since this is said in the very first scene of the play we are immediately given the impression that the kings son is not as respectable or as honourable as Hotspur. We can also see how highly regarded Hotspur is as the king gives him such warm glowing compliments with a touch of jealousy in his voice. He is not contented with his own son as he goes on to say: See riot and dishonour stain the brow of my young Harry. This indicates to the audience that Prince Hal might not be living the life that a prince would be expected to live. We get the feeling that Harry is seen as the black sheep of the family and not the successor to the throne that the king desired. Shakespeare give us this impression by not including Prince Hal in the very important meeting that took place in Act one, scene one. The king even goes as far as suggesting that some night-tripping fairy had exchanged in cradle clothes our children where they lie. This statement backs up the idea that the king is jealous of Hotspur. Shakespeare allows the kings feelings towards Hotspur and Hal to be known to the audience before we even meet the two men later in the play. The kings feelings register unconsciously in the audiences mind and we may then prejudice our opinions of Hal and Hotspur before meeting them. In Scene One, Hotspur is described as being basically the opposite of Prince Hal. We may see this when Westmoreland calls him gallant Hotspur. This statement is proof that people show Hotspur the greatest respect and indicates to us that he is brave and noble. We should note how Shakespeare uses the language to build up Hotspurs character. This lets the audience form an impression of him before they meet him. In Act One, Scene 2, the audiences opinion of Prince Hal becomes increasingly worse as we find out that he keeps company with a man by the name of Sir John Falstaff. Falstaff is fat, lazy, a drunkard and a thief. Is this the type of man that a prince would normally be friends with? The prince, laughing and joking, takes up the first part of the scene. When Fallstaff asks Hal for the time, Hal says: I see no reason why thou shouldst be so superfluous to demand the time of day. We are given the impression that Hal spends a lot of his time messing and having a name calling contest with Falstaff by the relaxed manner by which they give each other abuse. In the midst of the name-calling, we find out that some members of the Council are very angry with Hal because of his behaviour, as Fallstaff says: an old Lord of the Council rated me the other day in the street about you Sir, but I marked him not. This could suggest that Fallstaff has respect for Hal or does not want to lose such an important benefactor.

Investigate the Effect of Temperature on Cell Membranes and Membrane St

Investigate the Effect of Temperature on Cell Membranes and Membrane Structure If you read a recipe for cooked beetroot it will usually recommend that you don’t remove the outer skin of the beetroot and don’t cut off al the stalk and root if you want to avoid getting lots of red dye in the cooking water. Beetroot contains red pigments called betalains, located within the cell vacuole. Normally the pigments can’t pass through membranes but they leak out when the beetroot is cooked. Aim – The aim of this practical is to use beetroot to examine the effect of the temperature on cell membranes and relate the effects observed to membrane structure. To function correctly a cell needs to be able to control transport across the partially permeable cell membrane. Theory – To understand how the red pigment leaks out of the beetroot it is essential that we understand the molecular Structure of a plasma membrane. A membrane is a phospholipid bilayer. This means that it has two layers of molecules called phospholipids. Each of these phospholipid molecules has two parts: †¢ A 'head' that will mix with water but not with fat (i.e. it is hydrophilic) †¢ Two 'tails' that will mix with fat but not with water (i.e. they are hydrophobic). In the phospholipid bilayer, the hydrophilic heads are always on the outside of the membrane. The hydrophobic tails are always on the inside of the membrane. Alone, this arrangement of phospholipids would form a barrier to water and to water-soluble substances. However, other molecules are scattered among the phospholipids. These include lipids (including cholesterol in the membranes of animals), proteins and polysaccharides. The proteins in membranes are of special interest to us. This is because they have a number of important functions. Proteins function as: †¢ Carriers for water-soluble molecules (such as glucose) †¢ Channels for ions (such as sodium and chloride ions) †¢ Pumps, which use energy to move water-soluble molecules and ions †¢ Receptors, which enable hormones and nerve transmitters to bind to specific cells †¢ Recognition sites, which identify a cell as being of a particular type †¢ Enzymes, which speed up chemical reactions at the edge of the membrane The ways that substances move across cell membrane are 1. Diffusion 2. Active transport 3. Faci... ...ees Celsius. Because at 30 degrees Celsius I would have presumed that the membrane would have been fairly stable. However my graph shows the contrary. This might be due to sources of error in my experiment. Experiments - I have successfully gained my results that back my hypothesis. However the results have limitations and some sources of error. The size of the beetroot is essential. In my experiment I used a ruler and cork bore to measure out the same size beetroot. The cork borer was a a good aid as it ensured that the beetroot had the same diameter. However using a ruler could present possible error. Due to the surface area to volume ratio. As the test tubes were taken out of the water bath and placed the in the colorimeter the temp reduced by a few degrees. This small error could of change the results by 0.5 percent inaccuracy. This is because of insufficient equipment. I understand this experiment is only on a small scale but to gain better results each test tube going up in 10 degrees Celsius so we can tell the point of denaturing more accurately, however I feel that I my experiment showed breath of how a membrane functions under temperature change.

Engineering Economic analysis Essay

Relevant psychological and physiological effects were found to occur in a promotion or transition process and these include the increased stress due to more challenging job experience and more demanding job responsibilities and the observation that the promoted technical person will become more people oriented and less technically oriented. The stress created could either result to positive or negative consequences to the just promoted manager. If positive, the promotion may make him or her happy in the job but if not the negative effects could result to the company not attaining its organizational objective. Motivational and leadership theories could be incorporated in the daily routine to the workplace but the their incorporation must take into consideration the assumptions and conditions under which theories may be applied in order to assure the company of a better chance of benefiting from their incorporation as people may react differently in a way that may contradict the intended purpose or purposes of the theories. It is an accepted business reality that people are the most important part of the organization but they are the same time the greatest liability if they are not motivated which makes it easy to attribute success or failure of the business to people and their decisions and actions. Applying or incorporating the theories is possible but requires a great deal of challenge to management because it is difficult to determine with certainty the different conditions under which the theories and motivations and leadership may apply. In however making the decision to incorporate the theories into the daily routine of the workplace, advantages could be found in the greater chance of having motivated employees that would help the organization in attaining its vision but at the same time disadvantages are also inevitable for incorporating the same on the basis of the risk of making decisions to incorporate for not all incorporations of theories will result to a successful end. This paper asserts that certain foreseen and relevant psychological and physiological effects may occur in a promotion or transition process of technical person, using another person’s personal on-the-job experience, and the managerial visionary concepts covered/discussed in both MSE504 (Engineering Management and previously MSE404) and MSE602 (Advanced Engineering Management.) This further asserts that incorporating the theories of â€Å"Motivation and Leadership† into the daily routine of the company (workplace) from the perspective of engineer advancing in positions and that of an accomplished engineering manager is not easy as the theories are applicable under different set of assumptions or conditions which the present company does not readily lend without effecting changes to the higher corporate strategies of the organization. It is further asserted that in so incorporating the said theories touches upon different pertinent theories and job-related experiences that cover key attributes of management such as: risk-taking and decision-making, judgment by trial and error, performance monitoring and evaluation, observation and interpretation, strategizing and behavioral analysis and that in so having various effects among these attributes of management, advantages and disadvantages as well as ramifications could be observed as they personal conduct, overall managerial tasks, and the company’s operational vision.

Outline for Drugs

Outline 1. Introduction: Drugs are a major problem in our society. There are many people trying to stop it. Some techniques are imprisonment, school programs such as D. A. R. E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), and parental guidance. This simply is not making the drug use go down. What we have been doing in the past is not working. The best possible solution for this epidemic is to legalize drugs. 2. Body: More than 20 million American’s over the age of 12 use illegal drugs.Over the past 40 years it has cost the tax payer 1. 8 trillion dollars to stop the drug cartels. The failed war on drugs has cost billions of dollars, tens of thousands of lives, and incarcerated hundreds of thousands of people. There are plenty of people trying to fix this problem but there is a solution that is better which is legalizing drugs. 3. Solutions: In the past we have tried imprisonment by taking them off the streets, which failed. †¢Those same people come out and use drugs again.We have tried after school programs such as D. A. R. E. which also failed. †¢According to the U. S. General Accounting Office, the U. S. Surgeon General, the National Academy of Sciences, and the U. S. Department of Education, â€Å"Scientific evaluation studies have consistently shown that DARE is ineffective in reducing the use of alcohol and drugs and is sometimes even counterproductive—worse than doing nothing. † Talking to kids about drug use not working. †¢More and more kids are using drugs at a young age.Legalizing drugs is the best solution. 4. My Choice: Legalizing drugs is best solution †¢People use because it is illegal and enjoy taking a risk so by legalizing it would make less people wanting to do drugs just because it is legal †¢There wouldn’t be more people using, it would be the same people who use it now †¢Drug legalization would also reduce government costs and raise tax revenue, so a portion of the money made would b put back into drug rehab facilities and classes on educating the effects of drug usePartial Legalization of drugs †¢Drugs would be available only under controlled circumstances †¢Mandated labels with dosage instructions †¢Restrictions on advertising †¢Age limitations †¢Restrictions on the amount purchased at a time †¢Requirements on the form supplied 5. Call to Arms There are many children being raised without their parents because of drug use, overdose, and drug cartel violence. On Easter morning Sean, 12 years old woke up and found is father in his home office passed out with a needle in his arm.Emily never knew her father because he was sent to jail for drugs her whole life, every time he got out he would go use, and eventually he died of drug overdose. Legalizing drugs could have saved their lives by better educating them, using in controlled circumstances, and having restrictions. To think had we just legalized drugs there would be a decrease in drug abuse, eliminate drugs cartels and violence, and these young children would have grown up with their parents.

Free Essays on Edmund Burkes Strengths and Weaknesses

Marc M. Johnson â€Å"Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France demonstrates clearly the strengths and weaknesses of a conservative political theory.† It would be easy to derive multiple meanings from that statement. But one thing that is very certain is the conservative nature of Edmund Burke. His writings are regarded by many as the foundation of the Republican party here in America and the conservative movement worldwide. Although much of true Burkian conservatism seems to have faded into the background, there still remains debate about the theories and the basis for a political movement. What then are the strengths and weaknesses of a conservative political theory? Burke starts out talking about the natural law and how it relates to man. Although much can and has been made about man in a natural world, Burke tries to make the point that man is not happy in nature and that society is the result of that unhappiness. Society could hereby be viewed as alternate to nature, one that is a contract to protect man. For Burke, the natural law was the ultimate standard by which human law was to be measured, and he emphatically rejected the positivism of Hobbes and indeed any conception of law as the product of human will: "All human laws are, properly speaking, only declamatory; they have no power over the substance of original justice.† A clear strength of Burke’s conservatism lies in the view that government and society should never be something that is created abruptly or on a whim. He shows a healthy respect for the wisdom of established institutions. It is wise, Burke writes, â€Å"to be mindful...of what they have received from their ancestors or of what is due to their posterity, should act as if they were the entire masters...teaching successors as little to respect their contrivances, as they had themselves respected the institutions of their forefathers.† Bur... Free Essays on Edmund Burke's Strengths and Weaknesses Free Essays on Edmund Burke's Strengths and Weaknesses Marc M. Johnson â€Å"Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France demonstrates clearly the strengths and weaknesses of a conservative political theory.† It would be easy to derive multiple meanings from that statement. But one thing that is very certain is the conservative nature of Edmund Burke. His writings are regarded by many as the foundation of the Republican party here in America and the conservative movement worldwide. Although much of true Burkian conservatism seems to have faded into the background, there still remains debate about the theories and the basis for a political movement. What then are the strengths and weaknesses of a conservative political theory? Burke starts out talking about the natural law and how it relates to man. Although much can and has been made about man in a natural world, Burke tries to make the point that man is not happy in nature and that society is the result of that unhappiness. Society could hereby be viewed as alternate to nature, one that is a contract to protect man. For Burke, the natural law was the ultimate standard by which human law was to be measured, and he emphatically rejected the positivism of Hobbes and indeed any conception of law as the product of human will: "All human laws are, properly speaking, only declamatory; they have no power over the substance of original justice.† A clear strength of Burke’s conservatism lies in the view that government and society should never be something that is created abruptly or on a whim. He shows a healthy respect for the wisdom of established institutions. It is wise, Burke writes, â€Å"to be mindful...of what they have received from their ancestors or of what is due to their posterity, should act as if they were the entire masters...teaching successors as little to respect their contrivances, as they had themselves respected the institutions of their forefathers.† Bur...

Cheating Essay

Cheating Essay There are many problems in the world everywhere we go. Businesses, school, homes. There is a big problem in schools, especially high school. Cheating Essay is a big problem for teachers and a headache to have to watch out for. Teens have figures that it is okay to cheat because everyone does it. Dishonesty has become a big factor in today society, and this effects everyone in some way. Cheating effects everyone in some way. Cheating occurs everyday, in every school. Cheating occurs even in the nicest schools, including private schools. This usually occurs when someone does not study for a test or just does not feel like thinking. Also, one might do it because he knows he can get away with it. There is a wide range of cheating that can go on in schools. It can be a simple as copying one word, to copying the whole test. Whatever the extent of the cheating, that does not make it right. In todays society, teens just assume that cheating is an exceptable way of getting through test. They dont care even though they know the consequences. Cheating effects me because when I study, someone else may do better than me because they cheated. This may ruin the curve for the class. And that is not fair because I could have gotten a better score. With that, sometimes I feel taken advantage of when someone kind of glances over at my paper. I dont always cover it up, but sometimes I do. Cheating can also make a person loose respect for you. They may figure that they can always cheat off of you. This will become a routine, and they will always do it. This effects my motivation to learn because I figure that studying is not worth it anymore. I figure that since everyone is cheating, I mind as well not study as hard. This can be frustrating because it ruins the learning environment in the classroom. Cheating widely effects others also. Excepting cheating only sends a negative massage to everyone. We are saying that teachers dont care, and you can get away with it. It shows how low out society has stooped to just get a grade. No matter what the motivation to cheat, the bottom line is that it is wrong. But today, so many do it, teachers have to watch even more carefully, and trust is broken forever. Trust is broken between everyone. In conclusion, we have faced the problem of cheating. We know it is there. But now the question is: What shall we do about it? That is hard because there are so many dishonest people who do not care in this world. For now, all we can do it tighten down on cheaters. And just dont let them cheat. If everyone would guard themselves against cheaters, they might give up. Of course that means we cant cheat off of others. We need to build back up our trust of people, because without trust our world will crumble. .

Wrold history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wrold history - Assignment Example The three topics that will guide the discussion on philosophy around the world include China, Ancient Greece, and Africa (and African Sage Philosophy). In terms of development, Chinese philosophy emerged from what scholars have called the Hundred Schools of Thought. It is a framework of thought and ideas that was characterized by both cultural and intellectual changes in different spheres of Chinese life. Consequently, in order to assist in the ease of understanding, the Schools of Thought were subdivided into Daoism, Confucianism, Legalism, and Naturalists among others. Contrastingly, for the Ancient Greece through its subdivisions of Pre-Socratic, Socratic, and Post-Socratic phases; concern with aspects of mathematics, ontology, and cosmology remain dominant. It is a scenario almost similar to the development of philosophy in Africa particularly in the belief of gods and spirits as medium of communication with ordinary human beings (Wiredu 134). Therefore, the inclusion of the Afri can Sage connote the important of traditions as often seen West Africa to explain various cosmologies such as those of Dahomey, Dogon, and Akan. It means the development of the aforementioned philosophies have had significant impact upon their individual societies; effects still today. The Chinese philosophy, for instance, has doctrines such as Dao (the Way, or one’s doctrine), Qi (material force or vital energy), and Li (principle) among others. These doctrines are applicable in Chinese life to help in differentiating between masculine and feminine roles. Alternatively, there is also the idea of relating man and nature from the perspective of monotheistic deity. It is replicated in Ancient Greece philosophy in regards to influencing contemporary thought that helped in shaping disciplines namely Literature, Philosophy, and Psychology (Preus